Sammendrag
Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate how life satisfaction, neuroticism, and selected life style factors were related to insomnia in females and males for both users and non-users of prescribed sleep medication.
Methods Data were obtained from the Health Study in Nord-Trøndelag (HUNT3, 2006-2008), and linked to data from the Norwegian Prescription Database. Of the total 50,805 participants, 6,701 (13.2%) used prescribed medication.
Results Prescribed medication users Our data did not reveal any statistically significant association between levels of medication and risk of insomnia. However, lower levels of life satisfaction and higher level of neuroticism were associated with higher risk of insomnia for both genders. Neither smoking, alcohol use, nor major life events (death in the family and relationship break up) were associated with risk of insomnia for either gender. Higher frequency of exercise had a protective effect but only for males.
Non-users When adjusted for age, low level of life satisfaction, and high levels of neuroticism were associated with higher risk of insomnia for both genders. Further, death in the family for females and relationship break-up and alcohol use for males were associated with increased risk of insomnia. Exercise significantly reduced the risk of insomnia for females but not males.
Conclusions Our results suggest that life satisfaction and level of neuroticism are the strongest predictors of insomnia for both genders and for users and non-users of prescribed medication. Increased doses of medication in users were only weakly associated with reduction in insomnia and only for males.
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