Sammendrag
Most of today’s Machine Learning (ML) methods and implementations are based on correlations, in the sense of a statistical relationship between a set of inputs and the output(s) under inves- tigation. The relationship might be obscure to the human mind, but through the use of ML, mathematics and statistics makes it seemingly apparent. However, to base safety critical decisions on such methods suffer from the same pitfalls as decisions based on any other correlation metric that disregards causality. Causality is key to ensure that applied mitigation tactics will actually affect the outcome in the desired way. This paper reviews the current situation and challenges of applying ML in high risk environments. It further outlines how phenomenological knowledge, together with an uncertainty-based risk perspective can be incorporated to alleviate the missing causality considerations in current practice.
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