Sammendrag
Background: Norwegian pregnant women have among the highest fish intakes in Europe. In MoBa, almost half the population consumes the recommended intake (2-3 servings of fish/week), and maternal lean fish intake has been associated with lower preterm delivery and higher birth size.
Methods: We explored the association between maternal total, lean and fatty fish intake, child growth trajectories and risk of overweight from birth to 8 years in 51,952 mother-child pairs in MoBa. Maternal blood arsenic (As), mercury (Hg) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations were measured in a subsample (n=2,264).
Results: 67% of the mean fish consumption was lean species, but fatty fish contribution increased with total fish consumption. Lean and fatty fish intakes correlated with blood As and Hg (correlation coefficient range: 0.19-0.25), but not with blood 25(OH)D. Lean fish intake of 2-3 servings/week, but not higher, was significantly associated with an increased BMI trajectory from 3 years onwards compared to lower intakes. Lean fish intake of 2-3 servings/week was associated with overweight at 3 years (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR)=1.14, 95% Confidence Intervals (CI)=1.04,1.24). Higher intakes (>3 servings/week) were associated with overweight at 3 (aOR=1.36, 5%CI=1.00,1.84) and 8 years (aOR=1.52,95%CI=1.00,2.31). For children with high (>median) prenatal Hg and As, maternal lean fish intake was still associated with increased child growth and and overweight, though non-significantly. No association was found between fatty fish
consumption and increased growth or overweight risk.
Conclusion: Maternal lean fish consumption may modify the child’s BMI growth trajectory from early childhood onwards and increase the risk of childhood overweight. High prenatal exposure to arsenic and mercury may mediate these effects but more evidence is needed. Consuming a variety of fish species may be advisable for pregnant women to lower the later health risks for their children
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