Sammendrag
This report details findings from a survey of well integrity experiences elicited from operators of
geologic carbon storage (GCS) and carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) sites
around the world. The survey consisted of 41 questions organized in four sections and its goal
was to obtain information about site characteristics and operator experiences with well integrity,
monitoring methods, and risk assessment of legacy wells. Current literature relevant to the
survey questions was also reviewed and summarized to provide context for survey responses and
identify areas where field experiences with well integrity do and do not align with the current
state of research. This project was funded jointly by the United States Department of Energy (US
DOE) and the Norwegian Carbon Capture and Storage (NCCS) Research Centre. The work was
collaboratively accomplished by an international research team from Lawrence Livermore
National Laboratory (LLNL) and the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) in the
United States, and SINTEF in Norway.
The survey was vetted by experts in the oil and gas industry and the US DOE prior to its
solicitation. The survey was sent to 55 prospective respondents in North America, Europe, Asia,
Africa, Australia and South America. Twenty-two responses were received between April 2019
and August 2020. The responses were received in an anonymous format to keep the identities of
the survey respondents and their sites confidential, and to encourage candid feedback.
The survey responses and accompanying literature review provided valuable insight into the
alignment between well integrity issues experienced by CO2 injection operators in the field and
the well integrity issues studied by the research community. New areas of needed research were
identified and are detailed in this report. The survey findings could have been more impactful if
more responses were acquired. The relatively low response rate (only 22 respondents,
representing a 40% response rate) is perhaps indicative of operators’ reluctance to self-report
well integrity problems in a formal survey setting. A less formal in-person setting, such as a
workshop or conference focused on understanding well integrity in the context of CO2 injection,
may be a better environment for candid exchanges of information among researchers, operators,
and regulators. Nevertheless, the survey results presented here represent a valuable body of
information on the current state-of-practice, to identify research needs, and to provide context for
future interactions between researchers, operators, and regulators.
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