Cristin-resultat-ID: 1919247
Sist endret: 28. mars 2022, 09:21
NVI-rapporteringsår: 2021
Resultat
Vitenskapelig oversiktsartikkel/review
2021

Assessment of possible adverse consequences for biodiversity when planting vascular plants outside their natural range in Norway - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Alien Organisms and Trade in Endangered species (CITES) of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment (VKM)

Bidragsytere:
  • Anders Nielsen
  • Inger Elisabeth Måren
  • Line Rosef
  • Lawrence Richard Kirkendall
  • Martin Malmstrøm
  • Hugo de Boer
  • mfl.

Tidsskrift

VKM Report
ISSN 2535-4019
e-ISSN 2535-4019
NVI-nivå 1

Om resultatet

Vitenskapelig oversiktsartikkel/review
Publiseringsår: 2021
Publisert online: 2021
Volum: 2021
Hefte: 15
Sider: 1 - 97
Open Access

Klassifisering

Vitenskapsdisipliner

Andre landbruksfag • Plantegeografi • Miljøteknologi • Bioteknologi • Basale biofag

Emneord

Klimaendring • Fragmentering • Frøplante • Innavl • Plantegenetiske ressurser • Habitat • Revegetering • Frøutvikling

Beskrivelse Beskrivelse

Tittel

Assessment of possible adverse consequences for biodiversity when planting vascular plants outside their natural range in Norway - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Alien Organisms and Trade in Endangered species (CITES) of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment (VKM)

Sammendrag

We sow or plant vascular plant species on a large scale in revegetation and restoration projects in Norway today. Some of the species used are already found in Norway, but many of the species, subspecies or populations used though native are not local, that is, they are regionally alien. A regionally alien species is a species that is native to Norway (has been in Norway since 1800) somewhere in the country, but which has been spread by humans to places in Norway where they do not occur. In theory, and according to the Biodiversity Act, it is desirable to use local seeds or plants to preserve local biodiversity. The aim of this report is to define guidelines that helps prevent the planting of vascular plant species with a high potential for negative effects on local biodiversity. It is assumed that the native or local populations are better adapted to local environmental conditions than populations from other areas or regions, and the risk of harmful genetic changes is therefore considered small when using local plant and seed sources. Arriving at a common definition for the area within which plants are “local” is difficult, though; vascular plant species are numerous (3317 species in mainland Norway, of which more than half are alien species introduced after 1800, Artdatabanken 2015), have different growth forms, different environmental requirements, and different reproductive and dispersal ecology. Even closely related vascular plant species can differ in such characteristics and hence in the extent of the "place" or “area”. The dispersal ecology of a plant species is of great importance for whether the species has genetically distinct populations within its range or not. Different strategies (wind pollination vs. insect pollination, vegetative propagation vs. seed dispersal, large seeds vs. small seeds) have an impact on the degree of gene flow between populations and thus also how locally adapted the species is in different areas. Whether the species has primarily vegetative reproduction or whether it spreads mainly by means of seeds, and whether the seed dispersal takes place ballistically, with wind or water, or by zookori (attached to animals or eaten by animals) determines how far the species can spread and how large gene flow there is between different populations. Whether the species is pollinated by wind or by the help of insects also affects the degree of gene flow differently. In Norway, there is great variation in many biophysical and ecological conditions (climate, topography, hydrology, and geology) over relatively short distances. This means that species that grow only a few meters apart can grow under different environmental conditions. This large variation in environmental conditions - on different spatial scales - can give rise to local genetic adaptation. However, plants have been moved around the landscape for several hundred years by our livestock (as seeds in fur and hooves, and in faeces) from lowland pasture to mountain pasture and along traffic arteries across the country due to the extensive transport of animals and people. Over time, this has led to expanded geographical distribution for several species and increased gene flow between populations over relatively large distances. .............

Bidragsytere

Aktiv cristin-person

Anders Nielsen

  • Tilknyttet:
    Forfatter
    ved Vitenskapskomiteen for mat og miljø
  • Tilknyttet:
    Forfatter
    ved Divisjon for matproduksjon og samfunn ved Norsk institutt for bioøkonomi
  • Tilknyttet:
    Forfatter
    ved Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis ved Universitetet i Oslo
Aktiv cristin-person

Inger Elisabeth Måren

  • Tilknyttet:
    Forfatter
    ved Vitenskapskomiteen for mat og miljø
  • Tilknyttet:
    Forfatter
    ved Institutt for biovitenskap (BIO) ved Universitetet i Bergen

Line Rosef

  • Tilknyttet:
    Forfatter
    ved Institutt for landskapsarkitektur ved Norges miljø- og biovitenskapelige universitet

Lawrence Richard Kirkendall

  • Tilknyttet:
    Forfatter
    ved Vitenskapskomiteen for mat og miljø
  • Tilknyttet:
    Forfatter
    ved Institutt for biovitenskap (BIO) ved Universitetet i Bergen
Aktiv cristin-person

Martin Malmstrøm

  • Tilknyttet:
    Forfatter
    ved Vitenskapskomiteen for mat og miljø
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