Sammendrag
An increasing number of prosumers participate in the energy market, either by offering flexibility or selling surplus energy. This is made possible through EU directives for electricity transactions in smart grids. The directives provide guidelines for individual and aggregated transactions, allowing customers to sell or share electric surplus at the local level or to the national grid. This is seen as an important part of the transition to renewable energy.
In this paper, we introduce blockchain as a mechanism for handling decentralized transactions in smart grids. Blockchain technology allows for a flexible peer-to-peer trading mechanism. It can handle transmission and distribution management with energy flow optimization and grid infrastructure security, prosumer and microgrid management with different trading and pricing mechanisms, and interactive load between electric vehicles and grid. We describe blockchain technology, provide a survey of blockchain applications in the energy sector, emphasize the achievements and limitations of this technology in EU research studies and industrial projects, and underline the findings of the Smart-MLA project in this field.
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