In the Norwegian petroleum industry, saturation divers perform operations that involve safe and effective installation, maintenance and repair of subsea structures. During operations, the divers live and work for weeks at high ambient pressure equivalent to the water depth, in an atmosphere of helium and oxygen. Humans, however, have not evolved for these conditions. The body must acclimatize accordingly, and successful acclimatization appears to involve the immune system.
The objective of this project is to investigate factors involved in health preservation, and short- and long-term immunological effects of professional diving. It is expected to generate new knowledge about the complex biological processes involved in health preservation in professional diving. By the use of advanced genomic and bioinformatic tools we aim to elucidate immune system involvement in acclimatization to saturation diving. By comparing data reflecting the immune and inflammatory of healthy divers with comparable data from divers suffering from decompression sickness, we seek to examine the borders between acclimatization and maladaptive responses. By studying changes in the bacterial flora of divers, we aim for better understanding of the potential for interplay between bacteria and the immune system. Finally, by monitoring the progression of blood biomarkers during operational saturation diving, we aim for knowledge of the relations between diver health and environmental factors, such as nutrition and the strains of underwater work excursions.
Norway aims to play a major role in marine and subsea industries, and to be internationally leading in matters of health, safety and the environment. With this ambition follows the need to maintain and develop the field of baromedicine. This project will promote national baromedical research competence of importance for further safe development within professional diving, in the petroleum sector and other marine and underwater industries.