Sammendrag
Abrasion of concrete by softer ice is investigated by review of lab- and field studies, wear theory, fracture-, contact- and poromechanics. Hamiltons elastic sliding model for ice on concrete predicts tensile stresses ≈ surface pressure, so even though this model does not describe cracking it explains damage by sliding ice stress. Evans and Marshall’s fracture model applies to sharp objects sliding on fine-grained substrate, describing sliding of debris and sand between ice and concrete. It predicts more severe damage than Hamilton's model. Apart from assessing these models with materials properties (hardness, strength, E-modulus, fracture toughness, etc.) we investigated increased concrete pore pressure by water pushed in by collision with ice. Both for a wide sheet of ice uniformly loading a concrete surface and for a narrow ridge of ice hitting a wide concrete surface the resulting pore pressure can make a significant contribution to the damage. Further research is suggested.
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