Sammendrag
The experiment consisted of three experimental
groups: (1) ‘‘vaccine and stress’’, (2) ‘‘stress
and vaccine’’ and (3) control. All groups have
previously been vaccinated 6 months prior to the start
of the experiment. At the start of the experiment, the
‘‘vaccine and stress’’ group was vaccinated with
Pentium Forte Plus for the second time (25.02.2008)
and then given a daily stressor (confinement stressor
267 kg m-3 in 15 min) for a period of 4 weeks. The
‘‘stress and vaccine’’ group was given a similar daily
stressor for 4 weeks and then vaccinated for the
second time. The control group was neither stressed
nor vaccinated a second time. The results indicates
that fish in the ‘‘stress and vaccine’’ group may have
entered an allostatic overload type 2 due to oversensitivity
to ACTH, a reduced efficient negative feedback
system with elevated baseline levels of plasma
cortisol and reduced immune response with pronounced
effects on the well-being of the animal. The
‘‘vaccine and stress’’ group may likewise have entered
an allostatic overload type 1 response, with oversensitivity
to ACTH and transient reduced efficient
negative feedback system. This study shows that if
plasma cortisol becomes elevated prior to vaccination,
it could perhaps instigate an allostatic overload type 2
with dire consequences on animal welfare. To reduce
the risk of compromising the animal welfare during
commercial vaccination of salmon, one propose to
grade the fish minimum a week prior to vaccination or
grade simultaneously with vaccination. This could
reduce the overall allostatic load during handling and
vaccination and secure a healthy fish with intact
immune response and improved animal welfare.
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