Introduction. Refractory Linings used in Aluminium Production Workshop

The physical properties and the behaviour of the refractory linings used in aluminium electrolysis cells and in anode baking furnaces are crucial for economic as well as environmental aspects of the aluminium production. This course will give an introduction to the physical and thermal properties of materials used in the industry, covering the different type of carbon cathode materials, refractories, and thermal insulating lining materials used in the aluminium industry. Chemical reactions causing the most important degradation mechanisms for the different materials will be covered, with focus on the lifetime of the pot lining and heat balance of the cells. Finally, industrial experiences with lining materials will be included.