Sammendrag
There are two trends in education today. One dominates and points in direction of universalization and scientific development of education in order to achieve comparisons and competiveness. This development of education builds on an idea of systemization of education driven by assessment and testing, also referred to as evidence-based practices. The idea of education is that it can be developed into a universal practice without cultural references, which can be applied anywhere at anytime. The other trend is anchored in a cultural and practical outlook, which argues that education needs to be culturally grounded in everyday practices if it is to connect to all, to the experience of everybody and provide education for all. This perspective on education argues that education always takes place at a specific place and time, so it is always within history. This means that there are predecessors to any education as well as ideas of what possible futures education aim for, while educational processes always take place among contemporaries.
The language used within these different approaches to education will create very different teaching and learning environments. The scientific and universal education (evidence based) does not have room for human action. Teaching and learning in this structure presupposes behaviors that are defined and subordinated by the logic of the scientific system. Human behavior becomes programmed by a set objective. The practical approach argues for the need for teachers to be in charge of the processes of teaching and learning practices, but then there is no idea of scientific education. Education is a development of communities who work together, master together and sometimes fail together. Likewise, one will then have to acknowledge differences and diversities among students (and teachers). Then the primary aim for education as an institution is to accomplish an education that can attest the capability of every child.
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