CO2 solubility and mass transfer in water-lean solvents

Shifting from aqueous to water lean solvents has been evaluated as a mean for increasing the mass transfer rates in regular chemical solvents with amines. An array of amines (monoethanolamine, 2-methylpiperazine and N-methyl diethanolamine) and diluents (sulfolane, ethylene glycol, 1-methylimidazole, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone) has been analyzed. Addition of organic diluents seem to generally induce both a shift in chemical equilibrium and an increase in mass transfer rates for a fixed CO2 partial pressure, though not necessarily for a fixed CO2 loading. However, these relative advantages in terms of mass transfer rates decrease the more loaded the water lean solvent is. The equilibrium shift caused by organic diluents has been evaluated in terms of de-stabilization of the species in the solvent, which for monoethanolamine-based solvents can be easily related to a decrease in dielectric permittivity.