Sammendrag
In aquaculture, to minimize the negative side-effects produced by the intrinsic and variated fish management practices, required throughout the farming process, the use of anesthetics is recommended. Paradoxically, adverse side effects resulting from the incorrect management of the same in species-specific domesticated fish have been extensively reported. Taking advantage of the aggregate morphology transition of β-cyclodextrins to form a unique lipophilic 3D complex, just recently we have provided the aquaculture industry with a new nanoencapsulated essential clove-oil (CEO+βCD) anesthetic formula. CEO+βCD preparation that if correctly applied displays a high efficiency on the physiological and immunological behavior in aquacultured fish. In Nile tilapia farming, the characterization of the physiological effects resulting from using the most extended commercial anesthetics is reasonably available. However, to broaden the anesthetic choices in this species here we aim to characterize extensively the effects of a single 20 mg/L optimal dose in water of our CEO+βCD formula to achieve a 2-2 narcosis stage and compare it with the more traditional formulas, namely AQUI-S (Isoeugenol) and MS-222 (Buffered tricaine methanesulphonate). Five groups of nine naïve Nile tilapia of 450 g average weight each in duplicates would be reared in small 100 L tanks for treatment with anesthetics for 3 min. Once the physical effect of each anesthetic is determined, animals in each group will be transferred to individual rearing tanks. On days 1, 3 and 9 after treatment, three animals per tank will be killed by an overdose of the same anesthetic previously used for treatment. In each sampling, whole blood, skin mucus, gills, head kidney, and skeletal muscle were aseptically collected to conduct biochemical, mass spectrophotometry, chromatography, histology, scanning-electron-microcopy, and RNA-seq transcriptomics and metagenomic analyses followed by qPCR quantification of target genes. Resulting from this study we anticipate obtaining an extensive physical profile in mucosal tissue subjected to the action of the present anesthetics, the molecular immune pathways related, and the bioaccumulation, if any would be revealed. Moreover, a guided protocol for domesticated Nile tilapia using our CEO+βCD formula would be provided that may contribute to ensure and minimize the animal welfare according to an ethical standard while the particular physical and inflammatory affection of anesthetics improved.
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