Sammendrag
Personality disorder (PD) symptomatology is characterized by interpersonal problems and emotional dysregulation, which
may affect offspring of parents with PD symptoms. Notably though, studies are needed to discern (i) whether parental PDs
forecast symptoms of psychiatric disorders in offspring during their childhood years and (ii) whether such prospective
relations obtain after accounting for common causes (e.g., genetics, common methods). To address these issues, we
followed up a community sample of Norwegian children biennially from ages 4 to 8 (n = 594), using a semi-structured
psychiatric interview (PAPA/CAPA) to capture DSM-IV defined symptoms of emotional disorders. Parental symptoms of
personality disorders were captured by the DSM-IV and ICD-10 Personality Questionnaire (DIP-Q), whereas depression
and anxiety in caregivers were measured using the Beck Depression Inventory –II and Beck Anxiety Inventory, respectively.
Upon applying a hybrid fixed and random effects method that takes into account all unmeasured time-invariant
confounders, we found that: (i) Parental symptoms of DSM-IV defined Cluster A and C were related to symptoms of
anxiety disorders in offspring two years later, even after accounting for children’s initial levels of anxiety and parental
anxiety, whereas (ii) Parental DSM-IV Cluster B predicted symptoms of depressive disorders in children, adjusted for
children’s initial levels of depression and parental depression. Clinical implications of the results are discussed.
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