Development of small simplified Francis Turbines

The market of today offers a large variety of small, mini. and micro-turbines. The complexity of the geometry varies a lot between these kind og turbines, and it is related to the costs and thje hydraulic efficiency. High hydraulic efficiency give tradionally high complexiity of the geometry and therefore the production will be more expensive. In Norway, a large variation of mini- and micro turbines are offered on the market. These are turbines with a power output less than 1MW. They vary much in price and quality, and efficiency is seldom controlled.