Property Rights and Natural Resource Conservation. A Bioeconomic Model with numerical illustrations from the Serengeti-Mara Ecosystem

This study develops a model for wildlife species migrating seasonally between a conservation area and a neighbouring area. When being outside the conservation area, harvesting takes place by a group of peasants. Depending on the specification of the property rights, the harvesting is legal or illegal. The local people have two motives for harvesting; to get rid of ‘problem’ animals as roaming wildlife destroys crops and agricultural products, and hunting for meat and trophies. It is demonstrated that it is far from clear which of the two property rights regimes gives the highest wildlife abundance. Hence, contrary to what is argued for in the literature, handing the property rights over to the local people means not automatically more wildlife and a more ‘sustainable’ resource utilisation. The reason lies in the nuisance motive for harvesting. The exploitation under the two different property rights regimes are illustrated by numerical calculations with data which fits reasonable well with the exploitation of the wildebeest population in the Serengeti-Mara ecosystem.