Economic evaluation of operation strategies for battery systems in football stadiums: A Norwegian case study

This paper describes a techno-economic evaluation of case studies performed at the Skagerak EnergyLab. The EnergyLab consists of a 1.1 MWh battery energy storage system (BESS) and a 800 kWp photovoltaic (PV) power plant installed in a football stadium. The aim of this paper is to analyse the installation’s performance by studying a variety of cases involving operation strategies for peak shaving, self-consumption maximisation, energy arbitrage and feed-in limitation. The software tool SimSES is used to simulate BESS degradation. Moreover, the Norwegian economic and regulatory framework is used as a basis for an economic evaluation. An important outcome of this work is that a BESS that offers stacked value by combining peak shaving, energy arbitrage, self-consumption and the replacement of a backup diesel generator, may represent a feasible option in Norway. The techno-economic analysis also demonstrates that the profitability is heavily dependent on the operation strategy of the BESS. Keywords Battery energy storage system (BESS)DegradationLithium-ionOperation strategyTechno-economic analysis