Sammendrag
Understanding the drivers of evolution is a fundamental aim in biology. However, identifying the
evolutionary impacts of human activities is challenging because of a lack of temporal data and limited
knowledge of the genetic basis of most traits. Here, we identify the drivers of evolution toward
maturity at an earlier age in Atlantic salmon through two types of fisheries-induced evolution acting in
opposing directions: an indirect effect linked with harvest of a salmon prey species (capelin) at sea
(selection against late maturation) and a direct effect due to net fishing in rivers (selection against early
maturation). Because capelin are harvested as an aquaculture feed protein source, we hereby determine
an indirect path by which salmon aquaculture may influence wild salmon populations.
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