Negative emissions and carbon dioxide removal (CDR) including ocean scenarios: Drivers, uncertainties, and deployment potential.

Negative emissions and Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) at scale is required to offset hard to reduce emission streams and remove historic emissions from the atmosphere. CDR relies on and intervenes with the basics of earth systems such as the ocean, land, soil, and the atmosphere. This implies that CDR will need to be developed on terms that are acceptable to the natural systems which our human systems rely on. This report offers an introduction to three CDR solutions: seaweed farming, BECCS and direct air capture (DAC).