Factor structure and internal consistency of the parent patient activation measure (P-PAM) in parents of children with ADHD in norwegian paediatric mental health

Background: This study aimed to explore the internal consistency and factor validity of the 13-item self-report questionnaire Parent-Patient Activation Measure (P-PAM) in a sample of parents of children with Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 239 parents were recruited from four outpatient clinics of the Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services and completed the P-PAM along with demographic variables. The factor structure of the P-PAM was examined through exploratory factor analysis, and internal consistency was estimated with the use of both Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega. A confirmatory factor analysis was used to estimate and test individual parameters. Results: The fit indices suggest an acceptable two-factor model of P-PAM and show high internal consistency and reliability for both factors, indicating that the scale measures two concepts. Conclusions: Our findings provide evidence for an acceptable factor structure and a high reliability of P-PAM as a measure of parent activation, suggesting that the theoretical factors reflect the construct of parent activation as intuitively compiled into an inner cognitive factor and an outer behavioral factor, which are related.