Reconstructing ice force-displacement development in structural assessments of freshwater, polycrystalline ice impacts

Using the ISO19906 local pressure-area relationship p = 7.4A−0.7 as a process pressure-area curve to validate numerical ice models and reconstruct force-displacement development in damage assessment studies may lead to overestimation of the energy absorption capacity of ice found in nature. This is because the way this relationship is derived is different from how it is used in structural assessments of ice impacts. In the following paragraphs, we explain (with examples) how to reconstruct realistic ice force-displacement relationships in the absence of empirical force histories while focusing on freshwater, polycrystalline ice crushing, within the brittle regime, against a rigid structure.