From Bilateral Science Diplomacy to Wider Black Carbon Governance? Norwegian- Chinese and Finnish- Russian Initiatives

The authors investigate the science diplomacy efforts of Norway and Finland towards China and Russia, respectively, in order to mitigate black carbon emissions. The diplomatic endeavors of these two Nordic nations aimed to foster research, development, and innovation initiatives in the major economies of China and Russia, and involved collaboration between various governmental, public, and private sector actors. The authors examine how shared problem definitions and similar interests, or the lack thereof, have shaped the relative successes and failures of the Norwegian- Russian and Finnish- Russian cases, unraveling the dynamics at play in each context.