Flowpattern in hydrocyclones, numerical simulations with experimental verification

This paper reports a detailed study of the flow in cyclone separators, with the use of most up to date computational fluid dynamics simulations, which are validated with positron emission particle tracking (PEPT) experiments tracing the movement of particles through the cyclone. The parameters varied were the viscosity of the carrier liquid, the flowrate and, in the numerical simulations, the inlet configurations of the cyclone, namely one and two inlets and, with the two inlets, a) both at right angles to the cyclone axis and b) angled downwards. The study reveals features of the flow, which have not been seen till now, but are necessary for the understanding and modelling of the separation and purification efficiency of cyclones. The results of the simulations and the close agreement with experiment are a testament to the reliability and accuracy of large eddy simulation (LES), even for flow features as difficult to simulate as the confined strongly swirling flows in cyclone separators. The results show that a contiguous, smooth surface of zero axial velocity does exist and has approximately the shape that has been assumed by modellers. The significant effects of fluid viscosity, underflow and modifications to the inlet are also shown.