ICE ABRASION, FROST, DE-ICER SALT SCALING AND REINFORCEMENT CORROSION ON CONCRETE STRUCTURES: INTERACTION AND SERVICE LIFE

Concrete structures in arctic and Nordic environments can degrade due to ice abrasion, internal frost, salt-frost scaling and chloride induced reinforcement corrosion. Not all deteriorating phenomena are understood, but the basic material properties (strength, water/binder ratio, air entrainment, etc.) and environmental parameters (ice sheet movement, degree of saturation, temperature, etc.) are known. Service life calculations based on review of physical mechanisms and accounting for interaction when several types of deterioration are acting simultaneously are suggested. Interaction is mainly reducing service life and this is illustrated with service life calculations using superposition and interaction coefficients for a case with combined effect of ice abrasion and frost action. Then we try a different approach by coupling individual service life equations using phenomenological coupling coefficients (Lij). We also list the type of material data and observations of service life or rate of degradation in field and/or in accelerated laboratory tests that must be collected to determine Lij.