Sammendrag
Due to steadily increasing aquaculture production and simultaneously limited access to marine resources, new aquafeeds will heavily rely on plant raw materials as feed ingredients and potentially, also biotechnologically-derived products. Detailed knowledge about raw materials regarding proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, minerals and plant-derived secondary metabolites is necessary to describe and predict the nutritional value of aquafeeds on the one hand, and possible adverse and toxic effects of antinutritional factors (ANF) on the other hand. The latter often exert certain biological activities when applied to other organisms, including farmed fish.
One aspect of our multifaceted project was aimed at the untargeted metabolite profiling, identification and quantification of single compounds of nutritional value and specifically potential ANFs from different chemical structure groups within one analytical run (phenols, flavonoids, sterols, alkaloids). The following plant raw materials were investigated as ingredients of processed salmon and/or rainbow trout diets: soy bean, horse bean, pea protein, sunflower meal, rapeseed meal, wheat gluten and corn gluten. Gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry (GC/MS) profiling of raw materials and processed feeds was applied to characterize the potential impact of ANFs on feed digestibility, growth performance and fish health. Multivariate statistics of GC/MS profiling data from either salmon or rainbow trout feeds showed clear distinctions between low ANF- and high ANF-level fish diets. Differences were mainly based on the abundance of trisaccacharides (raffinose, verbascose, stachyose), mono- and bicyclic phenols (sinapic acid, gallic acid, caffeic acid, cinnamic acid esters), flavonoids (catechin derivatives), and phytate precursors (inositols). Expected results from on-going profiling studies of plant-derived aquafeeds will be presented in-depth.
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