Sammendrag
In modernity, the representative (official) political and religious order is abolished. Conventional religiosity is built on representation. Starting with Hans Nielsen Hauge (1771-1824), the lay people of Norway associated to meet religious and social needs, either their own needs or the needs of people in Norway or abroad. The individual emancipates from the pre-modern community, where it passively had been represented by officials. Now the individual demands a voice by association, representing itself through the association. Thus, Christian associations for home-mission or foreign mission were forerunners for democracy, in society and in the Church. The process of modernization is marked by differentiation. The Norwegian cultural synthesis, dominated by state religion, was split up during the 19th century, and science, religion (morality) and art were differentiated into separate spheres. It became possible for other denominations and laymen?s movements to establish themselves within the religious sphere in society, independent of or liberated from the public State Religion. As a result of the modern breakthrough, there is a new focus on the individual, which also leads to a demand for individual, personal faith and commitment. In addition, the Lutheran confessional understanding of ordained Ministry (C.A.14) came under hard pressure as a result of the lay movement?s emancipation of Church order. Privatization and heartiness became alternatives to the Order of State Religion, either in the Revival movement within the State Church, or by withdrawal from the State Church, by enrolment in a free denomination or by establishing a non-religious worldview or an individual faith, detached from the Dogmas of the Church.
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