Sammendrag
The findings in this book are called Black Swans of reflexive and reciprocal theories. The reason for this is as follows: Firstly, traditionally, it has been said that Kiswahili uses one reflexive marker, namely {ji}, in its clauses. The book reveals that there are reflexive clauses with non-activity verbs that contain noun reflexive anaphors, which function as reflexive objects or subjects. As objects, they can generate OMs, bind subject NPs of their clauses and, unlike clauses with {ji}, those with noun anaphors undergo passivization. Surprisingly, these anaphors are not lexically co-referential with their subjects, e.g. in terms of class, and so, they are not 'pro-forms'. Noun anaphors are, therefore, r-expressions. The anaphor {ji} can co-occur with a noun anaphor in a clause, but it suppresses the OM of the latter and also blocks the object N from undergoing passive syntax. Thus although {ji} occupies OM slots in verbs, it is a parasitic N rather than an OM. The book also examines the place of dependent nominal anaphors and pronouns in reflexive syntax. Kiswahili grammar books do not describe most of the reflexive patterns in this book. Secondly, the book introduces the reader to rarely discussed reciprocal patterns in Kiswahili grammatical studies. It points out that Kiswahili has reciprocal constructions based on pairing a Standard Transitive Clause with its Passive Clause. In addition, there are reciprocal constructions based on intransitive clauses, reciprocals with singular subjects, reciprocals whose reciprocants are located in co-texts, or embedded in matrix NPs, and so on. The book will give its readers fresh insights into reflexive and reciprocal syntax and contribute to discussions on clause transitivity.
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