Sammendrag
Abstract
Community-based management (CBM) has been implemented in socio-ecological systems (SES) worldwide. CBM has also
been the prevailing policy in Sa´mi pastoral SES in Norway, but the outcomes tend to vary extensively among resource
groups (‘‘siidas’’). We asked why do some siidas self-organize to manage common pool resources sustainably and others do
not? To answer this question we used a mixed methods approach. First, in the statistical analyses we analyzed the
relationship between sustainability indicators and structural variables. We found that small winter pastures that are shared
by few siidas were managed more sustainably than larger pastures. Seasonal siida stability, i.e., a low turnover of pastoralists
working together throughout the year, and equality among herders, also contributed to more sustainable outcomes.
Second, interviews were conducted in the five largest pastures to explain the relationships between the structural variables
and sustainability. The pastoralists expressed a high level of agreement with respect to sustainable policies, but reported
a low level of trust and cooperation among the siidas. The pastoralists requested siida tenures or clear rules and sanctioning
mechanisms by an impartial authority rather than flexible organization or more autonomy for the siidas. The lack of
nestedness in self-organization for managing pastures on larger scales, combined with the past economic policies, could
explain why CBM is less sustainable on the largest winter pastures. We conclude that the scale mis-match between selforganization
and the formal governance is a key condition for sustainability.
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