Cleaner Fuels in shipping or are Climate and Cost better off with HFO & Scrubbers

The environmental consequences of increased maritime transport due to globalization have become important due to its impact on local pollution and climate change. This environmental impact is (mainly) caused by the exhaust gas from the ship's combustion engines. The first regulation of exhaust gas in the late 1990-ties , was not strict. The global 2020 cap on maximum 0.5 % sulphur in the exhaust gas, combined with the required NOx and CO2 reductions for new-built vessels, is an economical and technical challenge for the shipping industry. Alternative fuels such as LNG, LPG, Methanol or Hydrogen is one tempting option for meeting these new requirements.